MUST, HAVE TO & HAVE GOT TO
|
a.
All applicants must take an interview
b.
All applicants have to take an
interview
|
Must dan have to keduanya
menyatakan suatu keharusan. Perbedaan pengertian antara’must dan have to’ tidak terlalu jauh, namun
ada sedikit perbedaan.
Pilihlah must
bilamana anda ingin menyatakan bahwa kewajiban itu berasaldari anda.
Pilihlah ‘have to’ untuk menyatakan bahwa
kewajiban itu berasal dari orang lain.
Dalam (a) dan (b): menyatakan, semua pelamar harus
mengikuti wawancara. Tidak ada pilihan lain dan wawancara itu memang
diperlukan.
|
|
c.
I’m looking for Sue. I have
to talk to her about our lunch date tomorrow. I can’t meet her for
lunch because I have to go to a business meeting at 1:00.
d.
Where’s Sue ? I must talk to her right
away. I have an urgent message for her.
|
Dalam ungkapan keharusan
dalam sehari-hari, have to lebih umum digunakan
daripada must. Must biasanya lebih kuat daripada have
to dan must dapat menunjukkan adanya suatu penekanan pada
kepentingan, seperti “This is very
important !”
|
|
e.
I have to (“hafta”) be home by eight.
f.
He has to (“hasta”) go to a meeting tonight
|
‘hafta’ dan ‘hasta’ sering dijumpai dalam
percakapan American style.
|
|
g.
I have got to go now. I have a class
in ten minutes
h.
I have to go now. I have a class in
ten minutes
|
Have got to menyatakan tentang keharusan (g) dan (h) mempunyai pengertian yang
sama. Have got to sifatnya informal dan umumnya digunakan dalam
percakapan. Sedangkan have to digunakan baik dalam
formal maupun informal.
|
|
i.
I have got to go (I’ve
gotta go/I gotta go’) now
|
‘got to’ seringkali diucapkan
“gotta”. Bahkan kadang-kadang have dibuang menjadi “I gotta”
|
|
PRESENT atau FUTURE
j.
I have to/have got to/must
study English tonight
|
Pengertiannya sama saja
|
|
PAST
Have to = bentuk lampaunya adalah ‘had to’
k.
Past : I had to study last night
Must = tidak dapat digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu
kewajiban pada waktu lampau, jadi untuk menyatakan suatu keharusan pada waktu lampau, gunakan saja had to.
|
|
|
Must juga dapat digunakan untuk menunjukkan bahwa si pembicara menduga
sesuatu yang dianggap yakin benar dengan didasarkan pada kenyataan/fakta yang
ada, hal ini disebut pula logical conclusion (kesimpulan
yang masuk akal), contoh :
a.
The light in Alice’s bedroom is off. She must be asleep
adjective
b.
The grass is wet. It must
be raining
Verb-ing
c.
His face is pale. He must
be sick
adjective
d.
His father wears a military uniform.
He must
be a soldier
Noun
|
a.
kita berkesimpulan; Alice pasti telah tidur karena lampu kamar tidurnya
telah mati,
b.
kita berkesimpulan; pasti telah hujan, karena rumput pada basah,
c.
kita berkesimpulan; dia pasti sakit karena wajahnya pucat,
d.
kita berkesimpulan; dia pasti seorang tentara karena memakai seragam
militer.
POLA KALIMAT
Subject + must + be + noun/adjective/verb-ing
|
|
POLA KALIMAT
Present/Future Time
Must
Subject + Have to + Verb 1 + object
Have got to
Past Time
Subject + had to + verb 1 +
object
|
|
MUST & HAVE TO IN NEGATIVE FORM
Must dan have
to digunakan untuk mengungkapkan sesuatu yang ‘tidak perlu’ dan ‘larangan’.
|
KURANG PENTING
a.
Tomorrow is a holiday. We don’t
have to go to school.
b.
I can hear you. You don’t
have to shout.*
*‘tidak perlu’ bisa pula dinyatakan
dengan ‘need not + verb 1’ You need not (needn’t)
shout.
|
Bilamana digunakan dalam bentuk negative, must dan have to mempunyai arti yang
berbeda.
do not have to = tidak perlu
|
|
LARANGAN
c.
You must not smoke in the
classroom, the teacher will be angry with you.
d.
You must not tell anyone my
secret. Do you promise ?
|
must not = larangan/jangan melakukan sesuatu. Dalam kalimat (c) dan (d)
mengandung pengertian ‘larangan’.
|
A.
Use
must not or do not have to in the following sentences
1.
I’ve already finished all my
work, so I don’t have to study tonight. I think I’ll read for a
while
2.
I must not forget to take my
key with me
3.
You _____________ introduce me to Dr.
Gray. We’ve already met.
4.
A person ________________ become rich
and famous in order to live a successful life
5.
In order to be a good salesclerk, you
________________ be rude to a customer
6.
I _____________ go to the doctor. I’m
feeling much better
7.
A person ________________ get married in
order to lead a happy and fulfilling life
8.
Johnny! You ________________ play with
sharp knives
9.
We _________________ go to the concert
if you don’t want to, but it might be good
10.
An entering freshman ____________
declare a major immediately. The students may wait a few semester before deciding
upon a major
11.
Bats ______________ see in order to
avoid obstacle. They can navigate in complete darkness
12.
This is an opportunity that comes once
in a lifetime. We _______________ let it pass.
13.
If you encounter a growling dog, you
______________ show any signs of fear. If a dog senses fear, it is more likely
to bite a person
14.
Tigers are magnificent animals. We
________________ allow them to become extinct.
15.
The class trip to the art museum is
optional. You ________________ go, but you might enjoy it
34. MUST & HAVE TO IN NEGATIVE
FORM
B.
Complete
these sentences with mustn’t or don’t/doesn’t have to
Example : I don’t want anyone to know. You
mustn’t tell anyone what I said
I don’t
have to wear a suit to work
but I usually do
1.
I can stay in bed tomorrow morning
because I ___________________________ work
2.
Whatever you do, you
______________________ touch that switch. It’s very dangerous
3.
You ___________________ forget what I
told you. It’s very important
4.
She _____________________ get up so
early. She gets up early because she prefers to
5.
We ______________________ leave yet.
We’ve got plenty of time
6.
The students ___________________ draw
the grafitti on the wall
7.
She __________________ join the remedial
test because her grade is very good
8.
“You ___________________ smoke anymore
!” the doctor said to my father
9.
Children _____________________ work hard
because they are still weak
10.
The pedestrians ______________________
cross the street when the light is in green
